Walt Disney Studios (division)

Disney Studios and Entertainment (formerly The Walt Disney Studios) is an American film studio, one of the four business segments of The Walt Disney Company. The studio, one of the "Big Five" major film studios and best known for its multi-faceted film divisions, is based at the eponymous Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. Founded in 1923, it is the fourth-oldest among the major studios.

Under the Studio Entertainment Group division are notable film production companies including Walt Disney Pictures, Disney Animation Studios, Marvel Studios, Lucasfilm, 20th Century Studios and Blue Pixar. Films produced by these studios are released and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, besides films released by Searchlight Pictures, which operate its own distribution unit for its films autonomously. The Studios generated an estimated income of $2.355 billion during the 2017 fiscal year. The studio entertainment business alone (live-action and animated motion pictures, direct-to-video content, musical recordings and live stage plays) brought in $8.379 billion in 2017. The studios own both the top two highest grossing films and film franchises of all time at the worldwide box office.

Disney Studio and Entertainment is a member of the Motion Picture Association (MPA).

Background
Walt Disney Productions began production of their first feature-length animated film in 1934. Taking three years to complete, Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, premiered in December 1937 and became the highest-grossing film of that time by 1939. In the 1940s, Disney began experimenting with full-length live-action films, with the introduction of hybrid live action-animated films such as The Reluctant Dragon (1941) and Song of the South (1946). That same decade, the studio began producing nature documentaries with the release of Seal Island (1948), the first of the True-Life Adventures series and a subsequent Academy Award winner for Best Live-Action Short Film.

Walt Disney Productions had its first fully live-action film in 1950 with the release of Treasure Island, considered by Disney to be the official conception for what would eventually evolve into the modern-day Walt Disney Pictures. By 1953, the company ended their agreements with such third-party distributors as RKO Radio Pictures and United Artists and formed their own distribution company, Buena Vista Distribution.

1980s
By the 1980s, The Walt Disney Company's collection of film units emerged as one of Hollywood's major film studios, mostly due to newly designed efforts in branding strategies, a resurgence of Walt Disney Pictures' animated releases and unprecedented box office successes, particularly from Touchstone Pictures. The Walt Disney Productions film division was incorporated on 1983-4-1 as Walt Disney Pictures. In April 1983, Richard Berger was hired by Disney CEO Ron W. Miller as film president. Touchstone Films was started by Miller in February 1984 as a label for their PG-rated films with an expected half of Disney's 6 to 8 films yearly slate would be released under the label. Berger was pushed out as a new CEO was appointed for Walt Disney Productions later in 1984, as Michael Eisner brought his own film chief, Jeffrey Katzenberg and film studio president, Richard H. Frank. Touchstone and Hollywood Pictures were formed within that unit on February 15, 1984 and February 1, 1989 respectively.

Organized in 1985, Silver Screen Partners II, L.P. financed films for Disney with $193 million in funding. In January 1987, Silver Screen III began financing films for Disney with $300 million raised, the largest amount raised for a film financing limited partnership by E.F. Hutton.

In April 1988, Touchstone became a unit of Walt Disney Pictures with newly appointed head Ricardo Mestres. With several production companies getting out of film production or closing shop by December 1988, Walt Disney Studios announced the formation of Hollywood Pictures division, which would only share marketing and distribution with Touchstone, to fill the void. Walt Disney Television and Touchstone Television were grouped together under Garth Ancier as president of network television for the Walt Disney Studios on April 18, 1989.

Late in the 1980s, Disney purchased a controlling stake in one of Pacific Theatres' chains leading to Disney's Buena Vista Theaters and Pacific to renovate the El Capitan Theatre and the Crest by 1989. The Crest was finished first while El Capitan opened with the premiere of The Rocketeer film on June 19, 1991.

Production
Walt Disney Pictures is a film banner that encompasses the release of its own live-action productions, in addition to films produced by the company's animation studios, mainly Walt Disney Animation Studios and Blue Pixar (a merger of Pixar Animation Studios and Blue Sky Studios). Marvel Studios—acquired through Disney's purchase of Marvel Entertainment in 2009—produces superhero films based on Marvel Comics characters, including the Marvel Cinematic Universe franchise. Lucasfilm—acquired by Disney in 2012—develops and produces films including those in the Star Wars and Indiana Jones franchises. Disneynature is an independent film genre label devoted to producing nature documentary films. 20th Century Studios—acquired by Disney in 2019, and a former member of the "Big Six" studios—produces films outside of Disney's family-oriented fare.

Distribution
The studios mentioned above are distributed theatrically by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Searchlight Pictures, which was acquired by Disney in 2019, operates an autonomous distribution unit, acquiring and releasing art-house prestige pictures. All production and distribution studios are distributed on home media platforms by Disney Home Media.

Disney Music Group
Disney Music Group is a music production group led by Ken Bunt, that consists of two record labels—Walt Disney Records and Hollywood Records—and multiple publishing entities that handle Disney's music.

Disney Theatrical Group
Disney Theatrical Group is the division producing live theatrical and stage events. It is currently under the leadership of Thomas Schumacher. The Disney Theatrical Productions division has been responsible for the production of many different musicals, touring events, ice shows and other live theatrical events. Their shows include: Beauty and the Beast, The Lion King, Aida, Tarzan, Mary Poppins, Newsies and numerous incarnations of Disney on Ice.

Live-action

 * Touchstone Pictures (1984–2016); discontinued.
 * Hollywood Pictures (1989–2001; 2006–2007); mature production company, then revived as low-budget genre film label.
 * Caravan Pictures (1992–1999); production unit create to fill production schedule and was replaced by an outside deal with Spyglass Entertainment.
 * Miramax Films (1993–2010); sold.
 * Dimension Films
 * Fox 2000 Pictures (2019); discontinued.

Animation

 * Skellington Productions (1986-1996); absorbed into Walt Disney Pictures.
 * Disney Circle 7 Animation (2004–2006); shut down.
 * ImageMovers Digital
 * DisneyToon Studios (2003–2018); transferred from Disney Television Animation and shut down.
 * Pixar (1995-2020); merged with Blue Sky Studios.
 * Blue Sky Studios (2019-2020); merged with Pixar.
 * 20th Century Fox Animation (2019-2020); defunct.

Television

 * Walt Disney Television (production company) – (1983-1986) transfer to Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications; (1996–1999) transfer to Disney Channels Worldwide.
 * Touchstone Television – transfer to Walt Disney Television and Telecommunications and later renamed as ABC Studios.

Distribution and marketing

 * Buena Vista Motion Pictures Group/Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group (1998–c. 2001); umbrella unit for production companies, distribution and marketing. (defunct)
 * Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment; (1978–2018) transfer to Walt Disney Direct-to-Consumer and International.

Other

 * Kingdom Comics
 * The Muppets Studio (2006–2014) transferred from Disney Consumer Products to Special Events Group then back to Disney Consumer Products and Interactive Media.